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Before entering into a dual relationship, psychologists should consider whether, for example, a client could return for additional services.
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Will it be brief contact or will it be continuous or episodic contact over a long time? "We usually don't know how long professional contact will last except in very specific circumstances," says Gottlieb. How much of a power differential is there between the psychologist and the other person? Since you also supervise the intern, it might be better to ask a colleague to drive you to the airport.ĭuration. 1) article that psychologists think about three factors: How do you weigh the pros and cons in such situations? APA Ethics Committee member Michael Gottlieb, PhD, suggests in a Psychotherapy (Vol. For example, the psychologist in a rural town may decide to buy a car from his client because going elsewhere could signal that the car dealer was in therapy. That's because sometimes it's impossible for psychologists to completely avoid multiple relationships, explains Steven Sparta, PhD, immediate past-chair of APA's Ethics Committee. Behnke emphasizes, however, that multiple relationships that are not reasonably expected to have such effects are not unethical. "Whenever the answer is the needs of the psychologist, that's a time when the psychologist needs to take great care and get a consultation."Īccording to the Ethics Code, psychologists should avoid relationships that could reasonably impair their professional performance, or could exploit or harm the other party. "A central question in any multiple relationship situation is whose needs are being met here?" says Stephen Behnke, JD, PhD, director of APA's Ethics Office, which advises psychologists on ethical dilemmas. Is it ethical to volunteer at your daughter's softball team fund-raiser if you know a client is going to be there? Can you buy a car from a client who owns the only dealership in your small, rural town? Can you ask an intern to drive you to the airport? Understand what constitutes a multiple relationship Here's their advice, boiled down to 10 ways to help avoid ethical pitfalls.ġ.
The Monitor interviewed some of psychology's leading ethics experts to talk about how practitioners can avert common ethical dilemmas, from multiple relationships to whether to breach confidentiality, to terminating treatment.
Although each step seemed harmless at the time, many practitioners later realize that they have landed themselves in deep trouble. Many problems are what Ethics Committee member Anne Hess, PhD, calls "stealth" dilemmas: situations that develop gradually, moving step by small step beyond once-firm professional boundaries. When psychologists do end up in ethical quandaries, it's often because they unwittingly slid too far down a slippery slope-a result of ignorance about their ethical obligations or thinking they could handle a situation that spiraled out of control. "Good ethical practice is good professional practice, which is good risk management practice." "Instead of worrying about the ways can get in trouble, psychologists should think about ethics as a way of asking 'How can I be even better in my practice?'" he explains. However, being vigilant doesn't mean psychologists should spend their days worrying about where the next pitfall could be, says Robert Kinscherff, JD, PhD, former chair of APA's Ethics Committee, which adjudicates ethics complaints.
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By looking out for foreseeable conflicts and discussing them frankly with colleagues and clients, practitioners can evade the misunderstandings, hurt feelings and sticky situations that lead to hearings before ethics boards, lawsuits, loss of license or professional membership, or even more dire consequences. Talk to the ethics experts, and they'll tell you the best defense against an ethical problems is a good offense.
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